ADJUST: An automatic EEG artifact detector based on the joint use of spatial and temporal features

A successful method for removing artifacts from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is Independent Component Analysis (ICA), but its implementation remains largely user‐dependent. Here, we propose a completely automatic algorithm (ADJUST) that identifies artifacted independent components by combining stereotyped artifact‐specific spatial and temporal features. Features were optimized to capture blinks, eye movements, and generic discontinuities on a feature selection dataset. Validation on a totally different EEG dataset shows that (1) ADJUST's classification of independent components largely matches a manual one by experts (agreement on 95.2% of the data variance), and (2) Removal of the artifacted components detected by ADJUST leads to neat reconstruction of visual and auditory event‐related potentials from heavily artifacted data. These results demonstrate that ADJUST provides a fast, efficient, and automatic way to use ICA for artifact removal.     

认知行为疗法结合脑电生物反馈干预对护士亚健康失眠状态的影响

目的探索适合亚健康失眠护士的心理行为干预模式并评价其临床效果,为护士亚健康的防治提供参考。方法采用目的抽样的方法,抽取以失眠为主要症状的59名亚健康护士,随机分为两组。对照组(29名)给予健康教育,观察组(30名)在访谈的基础上给予认知行为疗法结合脑电生物反馈干预。干预前后采用SHSQ-25、PSQI、脑电基线测试评价其疗效。结果观察组与对照组SHSQ-25评分、PSQI评分、α脑电波波幅比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论认知行为疗法结合脑电生物反馈干预模式有助于改善护士的亚健康状态,提高其睡眠质量。     

The implication of functional connectivity strength in predicting treatment response of major depressive disorder: A resting EEG study

Predicting treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been an important clinical issue given that the initial intent-to-treat response rate is only 50 to 60%. This study was designed to examine whether functional connectivity strengths of resting EEG could be potential biomarkers in predicting treatment response at 8 weeks of treatment. Resting state 3-min eyes-closed EEG activity was recorded at baseline and compared in 108 depressed patients. All patients were being treated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. Baseline coherence and power series correlation were compared between responders and non-responders evaluated at the 8th week by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Pearson correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were applied to evaluate the performance of connectivity strengths in predicting/classifying treatment responses. The connectivity strengths of right fronto-temporal network at delta/theta frequencies differentiated responders and non-responders at the 8th week of treatment, such that the stronger the connectivity strengths, the poorer the treatment response. ROC analyses supported the value of these measures in classifying responders/non-responders. Our results suggest that fronto-temporal connectivity strengths could be potential biomarkers to differentiate responders and slow responders or non-responders in MDD.     

左乙拉西坦的药物定量脑电图研究

目的 采用药物定量脑电图研究左乙拉西坦对人类脑电活动的影响.方法 12名健康人(男女各6人,平均年龄26岁,平均体重62 kg,平均身高1.67 m)一次性口服左乙拉西坦1 g,分别于服药前,服药后1、1.5、2、3、4、6、7、8、12、24 h采集脑电信号,每次时程均为180 s.将脑电信号按频率分为δ(0.5～3.9 Hz),θ(4.0～7.9 Hz),α1(8.0～8.9 Hz),α2(9.0～10.9 Hz),α3(11.0～13.9 Hz),β(14.0～30.0 Hz)频段.将每次采集的脑电信号选取无伪差部分30 s分频段计算双额,双枕功率值.用Wilcoxon配对法检验药后各时间点功率与药前差异有无统计学意义.结果 服药后双额、枕部α1、β频段功率显著升高,双侧基本对称.服药后α2频段功率在双额部无明显变化;双枕以服药后6 h为界呈双峰样升高.左额部α1频段功率在服药后1.5 h(18.8950,Z=-3.059,P=0.002),右额部α1频段功率在服药后3 h(18.6150,Z=-2.981,P=0.003),左枕部α1频段功率在服药后1. 5、2、3、4 h(分别为61.0233、53.9425、47.6192和51.8250,Z=-3.059、-3.059、-2.903和-3.059,均P＜0.01),右枕部α1频段功率在服药后1、1.5、2、3 h(分别为53.5358、56.8092、50.3500和47.1733,Z=-2.903、-3.059、-3.059和-2.981,均P＜0.01),左枕部α2频段功率在服药后3 h(73.5450,Z=-3.059,P=0.002),右枕部α2频段功率在服药后1、3 h(80.6808、87.1750,Z=-2.903、-3.059,P=0.004、0.002),左额部β频段功率在服药后3 h(3.8000,Z=-3.059,P=0.002),右额部β频段功率在服药后1.5、2、3 h(分别为4.0408、4.3217和4.1050,Z=-2.903、-3.059和-3.061,均P＜0.01),左枕部β频段功率在服药后3 h(9.1408,Z=-3.059,P=0.002),右枕部β频段功率在服药后1.5、3 h(分别为8.9267和9.3033,Z=-2.981、-2.981,均P=0.003)与服药前相同电极比较,差异均有统计学意义.结论 左乙拉西坦对人类的脑电背景活动有影响,且与其他抗癫痫药不同.

Abstract：

Objective The quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography ( QPEEG ) of many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), such as carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenobarbital and topiramate but not levetiracetam (LEV), have been studied. This study is to investigate the effect of LEV on QPEEG. Methods One dose of LEV at l g was administrated to 12 healthy adults (6 males, average age at 26 years, average height at l.67 m). The EEG samples (of 180 seconds each) were obtained prior to and at regular intervals ( 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24 hours) after administration of LEV. The EEG activity was processed with the power spectral analysis and separated into different frequency bands. The absolute powers of both occipital and frontal lobes were calculated through 30 seconds epochs without artifacts for each recording. The statistical difference between baseline pre-drug control and each post-drug assessment was evaluated by the Wilcoxon matched-paired rank test. Results The power of α1-band and β-band increased bilaterally over both frontal and occipital lobes after the administration of LEV. There was no change of α2-band over bilateral frontal lobes, but increased in double peaks shape with the low point at the 6 hours after the administration. The power of α1-band showed the significant change after the administration at the 1.5 hours (18.8950, Z= -3.059, P=0.002) in the left front, 3 hours (18.6150, Z= -2.981, P =0.003)in the right front, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 hours (61.0233, 53.9425, 47.6192 and 51.8250 respectively, Z =-3.059, -3.059, -2.903 and -3.059, all P ＜ 0.01 ) in the left occipital, and 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours (53.5358, 56.8092, 50.3500 and 47.1733 respectively, Z = -2.903, -3.059, -3.059 and -2.981,all P ＜ 0.01 ) in the right occipital. The power of α2-band showed the significant change after the administration at the 3 hours (73.5450, Z = - 3.059, P = 0.002) in the left occipital, and 1, 3 hours (80. 6808 and 87. 1750, Z = -2.903 and - 3.059, P = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively ) in the right occipital. The power of β-band showed the significant change after the administration at the 3 hours (3.8000, Z = -3.059, P = 0.002) in the left front, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours (4.0408, 4.3217 and 4. 1050,Z= -2.903, -3.059 and -3.061, all P＜0.01) in the right frontal, 3 hours (9.1408, Z= -3.059,P =0.002) in the left occipital, and 1.5, 3 hours (8.9267 and 9.3033, Z = -2.981 and -2.981, both P = 0.003) in the right occipital. Conclusions LEV can change the background activity of QPEEG. The changes are different from those of the other AEDs.     

动态脑电图在进展性卒中早期诊断的临床应用

目的探讨动态脑电图监测对进展性卒中早期诊断的临床应用价值。方法160例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据病情进展与否分为进展组（53例）和非进展组（107例）,回顾分析患者入院24h内的动态脑电图监测和决部CT检查资料,比较两组患者脑电图异常检出率,以及进展组患者动态脑电图与CT阳性一致性。结果进展组患者动态脑电图异常检出率为88．68％（47／53）,与非进展组[64．49％（69／107）]比较差异具有统计学意义（X2=10．405,P=0．001）;发病24h内CT检查阳性率为67．92％（36／53）,其中58．49％（31／53）患者两种检查均发现病灶,两种方法阳性率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=4．762,P=0．027）。进展组脑电图呈重度异常者4例（大面积脑梗死3例、脑干梗死1例）,人院第2天昏迷;中度异常者20例,均为前循环梗死;轻度异常者23例（前循环梗死19例、后循环梗死4例）;正常脑电图6例,均无意识障碍。结论进展性卒中患者动态脑电图监测异常检出率较高,尤其在发病早期其阳性率明显高于头部CT检查。动态脑电图异常程度与病变程度和部位有关,对急性进展性卒中患者的早期诊断具有一定参考价值。     

动态脑电图在进展性卒中早期诊断的临床应用

目的探讨动态脑电图监测对进展性卒中早期诊断的临床应用价值。方法 160例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据病情进展与否分为进展组(53例)和非进展组(107例),回顾分析患者入院24 h内的动态脑电图监测和头部CT检查资料,比较两组患者脑电图异常检出率,以及进展组患者动态脑电图与CT阳性一致性。结果进展组患者动态脑电图异常检出率为88.68%(47/53),与非进展组[64.49%(69/107)]比较差异具有统计学意义(X~2=10.405,P=0.001);发病24 h内CT检查阳性率为67.92%(36/53),其中58.49%(31/53)患者两种检查均发现病灶,两种方法阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=4.762,P=0.027)。进展组脑电图呈重度异常者4例(大面积脑梗死3例、脑干梗死1例),入院第2天昏迷;中度异常者20例,均为前循环梗死;轻度异常者23例(前循环梗死19例、后循环梗死4例);正常脑电图6例,均无意识障碍。结论进展性卒中患者动态脑电图监测异常检出率较高,尤其在发病早期其阳性率明显高于头部CT检查。动态脑电图异常程度与病变程度和部位有关,对急性进展性卒中患者的早期诊断具有一定参考价值。     

脑电生物反馈治疗失眠32例疗效分析

目的分析并评价脑电生物反馈对失眠病人的临床治疗效果。方法对我院自2009-01～2010-12期间收治的32例失眠患者采用脑电波反馈方法进行治疗,在治疗前及治疗后分别应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对病人睡眠质量进行评定,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对病人心理健康水平进行评定。结果治疗前实验组与对照组的各波功率值相比差异不显著(P>0.05),不具有统计学意义。实验组治疗后脑电波总波功率以及β波值均比治疗前有明显降低(P<0.05),而且也比对照组有明显降低(P<0.05),均具有统计学意义。通过脑电波反馈进行治疗后,失眠病人SCL-90总分值、各因子分值以及PSQI分值均比治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),具有统计学意义。结论采用脑电生物反馈治疗能够明显改善失眠病人的脑电波,在提高失眠病人的睡眠质量方面疗效较为理想。     

低频重复经颅磁刺激联合肌电生物反馈疗法对脑卒中患者上肢功能的临床研究

目的:观察低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合肌电生物反馈(EMGBFT)治疗脑卒中患者上肢痉挛及其运动功能的临床疗效。方法:脑卒中伴上肢痉挛患者45名,随机分为3组(A、B、C),每组患者各15名。3组患者均给予常规康复治疗,B组另外给予EMGBFT治疗,C组另外给予低频rTMS联合EMGBFT治疗。3组患者均于治疗前、治疗4周后和第8周随访时进行改良Ashworth分级、表面肌电图(sEMG)、上肢Fugl-Meyer评定法(UFMA)以及改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评估。结果:治疗4周时,3组患者改良Ashworth分级、sEMG、UFMA和MBI较治疗前差异有统计学意义(P0.05),C组的评估指标与其余2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。第8周随访时A组患者各项评估指标较第4周时差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其余2组患者变化无统计学差异。结论:低频重复经颅磁刺激联合肌电生物反馈治疗可以有效缓解脑卒中患者上肢痉挛,提高上肢功能。     

Cognitive and physical training for the elderly: Evaluating outcome efficacy by means of neurophysiological synchronization

Recent neuroscientific research has demonstrated that both healthy and pathological aging induces alterations in the co-operative capacity of neuronal populations in the brain. Both compensatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms contribute to neurophysiological synchronization patterns, which provide a valuable marker for age-related cognitive decline. In this study, we propose that neuroplasticity-based training may facilitate coherent interaction of distant brain regions and consequently enhance cognitive performance in elderly people. If this is true, this would make neurophysiological synchronization a valid outcome measure to assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent or delay age-related cognitive decline. The present study aims at providing an objective, synchronization-based tool to assess cognitive and/or physical interventions, adopting the notion of Relative Wavelet Entropy. This mathematical model employs a robust and parameter-free synchronization metric. By using data mining techniques, a distance value was computed for all participants so as to quantify the proximity of their individual profile to the mean group synchronization increase. In support of our hypothesis, results showed a significant increase in synchronization, for four electrode pairs, in the intervention group as compared to the active control group. It is concluded that the novel introduction of neurophysiological synchronization features could be used as a valid and reliable outcome measure; while the distance-based analysis could provide a reliable means of evaluating individual benefits.     

Rapid and highly resolving associative affective learning: Convergent electro- and magnetoencephalographic evidence from vision and audition

Various pathway models for emotional processing suggest early prefrontal contributions to affective stimulus evaluation. Yet, electrophysiological evidence for such rapid modulations is still sparse. In a series of four MEG/EEG studies which investigated associative learning in vision and audition using a novel MultiCS Conditioning paradigm, many different neutral stimuli (faces, tones) were paired with aversive and appetitive events in only two to three learning instances. Electrophysiological correlates of neural activity revealed highly significant amplified processing for conditioned stimuli within distributed prefrontal and sensory cortical networks. In both, vision and audition, affect-specific responses occurred in two successive waves of rapid (vision: 50–80 ms, audition: 25–65 ms) and mid-latency (vision: >130 ms, audition: >100 ms) processing. Interestingly, behavioral measures indicated that MultiCS Conditioning successfully prevented contingency awareness. We conclude that affective processing rapidly recruits highly elaborate and widely distributed networks with substantial capacity for fast learning and excellent resolving power.